Osteoarthritis and Balance Impairments

Osteoarthritis is a disabling condition affecting a large number of middle to older age patients. Symptoms can include pain, warmth, stiffness (especially in the morning), slower walking speeds and decreased mobility. Recent research has shown these patients demonstrate decreased strength (Maly, et al. 2005) and stabilization of the involved joint (Maly et al, Wegener et al. 1997). These impairments may lead to joint instability, or a sense of giving way, and a higher risk of falls.

The higher risk of falls may be related to decreased proprioception secondary to damaged cartilege and sensory receptors within the joint. Proprioception is the ability of the brain and central nervous system to detect joint movements, overall position sense (ie knee flexion or extension), and aids in the regulation of force output or strength. These sensations strongly contribute to an individual's ability to balance or maintain stability during movement.

A recent article in the Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy has shown patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joint demonstrated faster walking speeds, improved stair climbing ability, and improved proprioception following a course of physical therapy (Jan, et al. January 2008).

Physical therapy interventions of manual therapy to improve joint movements, safe therapeutic exercise and activities, pain relieving modalities, and balance training can improve the disabling symptoms of osteoarthritis and may decrease the risk of falls in this population.

Please contact your physical therapist at Body Mechanics Physical Therapy in Atlanta for further information or to set up your first appointment.